Washington State Department of Services for the Blind

Etiquette for Interacting with People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired

The following summary contains many true statements, but no absolute truths. Every person with a disability is an individual. While this summary is about disabilities, it is important to remember that you are not working with disabilities, you are working with individuals who have disabilities. It is most important to ask the individual what terminology he or she prefers or if he or she needs assistance. With this in mind, the following general guidelines are offered:

Ask if your assistance is needed.

People who are blind or visually impaired have a long history of being patronized and talked to as if they were children. They have more often been told what to do rather than asked what they would prefer doing. This attitude is not acceptable towards any person. Therefore, always ask them if your assistance is needed and how you can assist.

Sometimes, people who are blind or visually impaired will need to be led while walking. In these cases, they will ask for assistance or accept your offer to help. Then, they will take a hold of your arm just above your elbow and lag behind you a half step. The motion of your body will tell them what to expect. It is not necessary to pull, push, or jerk them. Not only is this tactic awkward, confusing, and less effective, it is degrading to people who are blind or visually impaired. However, if they are about to encounter a dangerous situation, voice your concerns in a calm and clear manner.

If they need assistance in taking their seats, they may ask or accept your offer to help. Then, you can show them to their chair by putting their hand on the back of the chair. They will be able to seat themselves easily. If they need assistance while eating, they may request that you read the menu aloud or tell them the position of the food on their plates. If they need assistance in locating an object or location, they may ask you for directions or accept your offer to help. In these cases, give directions as clearly as possible. Words like “left” and “right” are most helpful, especially when such words are said according to the way the person who is blind or visually impaired is facing.

Be verbally descriptive when giving directions.

Pointing and gesturing has little meaning to people who are blind or visually impaired. Saying, “It is the fourth door on your right after you exit the elevator” would be much more helpful. Avoid using references that are visually-oriented like, “Over there near the green plant.” Also, remember to describe things from their perspective, not yours.

Avoid actions that may distract dog guides while they are working.

Remember that dog guides are working dogs, and not merely pets! Avoid actions that might divert their attention, such as petting, touching, grabbing their harnesses, or calling out to them. Their masters’ lives depend upon their alertness.

Identify yourself.

When you enter a room where a people who is blind or visually impaired is located, make your presence known.

Promote a safe environment.

If you work or live with someone who is blind or visually impaired, be mindful of potential hazards. Never leave a door ajar! Keep corridors clear of clutter. If the change affects them, inform people who are blind or visually impaired when furniture is moved. Tell them when you have brought new items into their environment, describing what they are, and most importantly, where you have put them. Furthermore, do not move items (e.g. furniture, personal items, etc.) after their positions are known by people who are blind or visually impaired. This can be frustrating and, in some cases, dangerous.

If you are accompanying persons who are blind or visually impaired, and you decide to leave them alone in an unfamiliar area, make sure that they are near to and aware of something they can touch, such as a wall, table, or railing. Being left alone in empty space can feel very unsafe for people who are blind or visually impaired.

Respect personal boundaries.

Allow people who are blind or visually impaired their personal space. Don’t physically touch a person who is blind or visually impaired unless you are certain it is appropriate.

If you wish to tell or ask them something, talk directly to people who are blind or visually impaired.

People who are blind or visually impaired can hear as well as you. Always talk directly to them, not through their companions. If you notice a spot or stain on their clothing, tell them privately, just as you would for most people. Also, be respectful when questioning people about their blindness. Keep in mind that this is personal information. When in doubt about what to do, what to say, what terminology to use, or the level of assistance that a person may need, do not be afraid to simply ask.

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